The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by German architect Walter Gropius. Its main objective was a fundamental concept: to remake the material world to reflect the unity of all the arts. The school was based upon aestheticism “fervent utopianism”. Its ideals or features are simplified forms, unadorned functionalism, a belief that the new machine economy could deliver elegant design items for the masses applying techniques and materials used in industrial manufacturing and fabrication steel, metal, tubular metal, chrome, concrete, glass, timber, fabric and pottery. The schools primary focus was to create a ideal world craft association combining architecture, sculpture, and painting into a single creative expression. The Bauhaus combined elements of both fine arts and design education and had specialized workshops, which included wall painting, weaving, cabinetmaking, pottery, typography, and metalworking .
4 Designers/ Artists
Joost shcmidt (1893-1948) was a teacher at the school of Bauhaus and later became a professor in Berlin at the college of visual arts. He was a visionary typography/graphic designer. He is best known for his poster for the 1923 Bauhaus exhibition in Germany.
Johannes Itten (1888- 1967) was a Swiss expressionist painter, writer, teacher and theorist who was one of the core member of the school of Bauhaus. He taught the basics of material characteristics, composition and colour. In his book the art of colour he extended the colour wheel; to include 12 colours.
Oskar schlemmer (1888-1943) was a painter, sculptor and designer. He worked in the Bauhaus workshop of sculpture, only to become master of form at his theatre workshop a short time after. His most famous work is "Triadisches Ballett," in which the actors are transformed from the normal to geometrical shapes. He ran the mural painting and sculpture departments at the school of Bauhaus. He was a very complex thinker and influential in forming the philosophy of the school.
Herbert Bayer (1900-1985) was a graphic designer, architect, photographer and painter. He studied for four years at the School of Bauhaus under the direction of the core teachers of the school and later became director of printing and advertising at the school. An adherent of reductive minimalism, he developed and adopted different typefaces and styles and the use of all lowercase font for school publications. He experimented with a simplified more phonetic based alphabet. He also developed a geometric sans serif typeface. In 1939 he settled in New York after a long career in graphic arts. He was heavily involved in architecture in aspen Colorado and produced promotional posters for skiing.
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